Background: Obesity has been defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health while the Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of the weight-to-height ratio that is commonly used in classifying overweight and obesity in adult populations. Many semen parameters alteration can be ascribed to obesity like decreased sperm concentration, abnormal morphology, compromised chromatin integrity and abnormal motility. Many evidences showed an adverse effect of excess body fat on spermatogenesis. Methods: A total sample size composed of (70)infertile men were grouped into three groups according to published BMI ranges as follows: normal weight, overweight and obese.A single semen sample was collected for each infertile men.Heightin (m) and weight in (kg) were recorded on day of semen collection.BMI was calculated as BMI= Kg\m2. Sperm parameters evaluated according to World Health Organization guidelines.Quantitation of the IL-6 in seminal plasma were accomplished using commercially available ELISA kit. Results: In the current study, a positive correlation was found between body mass index and IL-6, on the contrary, a significant negative correlation was found among IL-6 level and progressive sperm motility and sperm concentration as well. Conclusion: There is an increase of IL-6 from the adipose tissue with increasing BMI. The IL-6 cause reduction of the sperm motility by increasing the level of ROS. The obesity reduces the spermatogenesis by androgenic deficiency results in low sperm concentration and motilitywhich it may be the main reason of their infertility.
Intrauterine insemination has an important role in the treatment of infertile couples. Usage of vaginal misoprostol therapy at the time of intrauterine insemination has been investigated, and its tolerability and effects on clinical pregnancy rates still questionable. To assess the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol on some demographic characteristics and hormones level with a success rate of Intrauterine Insemination. the period of collection of patients extended from Sep. 2018 until May 2019. Eighty-one infertile couples who attended Al Nahrain University, High Institute for Diagnostic Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, and private fertility clinics were enrolled through this study. Divided into two groups, the next group received 100 µg vaginal misoprostol immediately after completion of the IUI procedure, while the control group was subjected to ordinary IUI procedure without adjunctive therapy. The mean of demographic data of body mass index, age, and duration of infertility was statistically insignificant in control, Misoprostol post-intrauterine insemination. The percentage of pregnancy rate in the control group 5.0% and it 19.5% in the Misoprostol post-intrauterine insemination group. Moreover, there are significant differences in pregnancy rates among all study groups. According to this study, there is no significant result of pregnancy occurrences correlated with, female age, male age, and body mass index, duration of infertility or type of infertility, hormone levels. Misoprostol use after intrauterine insemination has a positive impact on pregnancy outcome in the control group 5.0% and it 19.5% in Misoprostol post-intrauterine insemination group. Smaller doses (100 µg) of misoprostol can decrease side effects without affecting the outcome.
Background: Elevated serum concentrations of testosterone is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)but it'srelationto body mass in dex(BMI), isstillunknown. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between testosterone level and body massindexin womenwith polycysticovary syndrome. Methods: A total of eighty PCOS women with average age 27.6±0.7 and BMI 31.9±0.5 were compared with twenty-two healthy women considered as a control group (age 28.2±1.1, BMI 28.8±1.0). Patients and controls were grouped according to (BMI: Lean, overweight and obese. Allwomen in both groups were subjected to the following investigations: evaluation of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH.), prolactin (PRL), testosterone levels and ultrasonography. Results: The serum levels of LH, LH/FSH and testosterone were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in PCOS compared to control women,while in FSH and PRL the difference was non significant. Obese women with PCOS also had a significantly higher (P<0.05) mean level of testosterone (1.33±0.28ng/ml) compared to lean and overweight patients (0.53±0.17, 0.61±0.08 ng/ml respectively). Uitrasound examination was performed in the ovulatory phase during (12-14) days of the cycle in both PCOS patients and controls, and all women with PCOS with evidence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography. Conclusion: Testosterone levelwas significantly elevated in obesecompared to overweightand lean women with PCOS.The role of weight reduction is more beneficial in the management of PCOS and improvementoftestosteronelevel.
Kisspepetin is considered as a key regulator of reproduction, through its direct role in controlling the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis necessary for controlling the ovulatory process and indirectly by impacting glucose heamostasis and metabolism. We aimed to examin the correlation between body mass index and level of Kisspeptin in serum and follicular fluid. This study is a cross sectional study done on (80) infertile Iraqi patients aged (18-40 years) scheduled for fresh intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle. This study is conducted in the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies of Al-Naharin University, from September 2020 to May 2021. For each participant, the GnRH antagonist protocol was used to hyperstimulate the ovaries, and samples from serum and follicular fluid were obtained at day of oocytes retrieval for measuring Kisspeptin level using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) technique. Serum and follicular fluid Kisspeptin were insignificantly increasing with the increase in the BMI (p value =0.406) (p value = 0.352) respectively. Serum and follicular kisspetin were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.536, p value= 0.000). Serum and follicular fluid kisspeptin were numerically increasing with the body mass index of infertile women, although this increament is statically insignificant, serum kisspeptin can be used as a mirror image to follicular fluid kisspeptin as there was a statistical association between them in this study.
The purpose of the study was to determine if age and body mass index in infertile men were associated with stress levels as determined by salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol and alpha-amylase). A cross-sectional study comprising 100 males with an infertility challenge was divided into 25 normozoospermia, 26 oligozoospermia, 21 asthenozoospermia, and 28 oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase were examined using the ELISA technique . The average age of the patient was 30.85±7.03, and their average BMI was 27.604±5. 7894. The infertile duration mean was 4.7896±3. 85932. The average amylase content in the saliva was 127.3721±40.0952, while the average cortisol content was 72.67±49.09. There are no discernible variations between the comparison mean of BMI and the duration of infertility. In the current investigation, there was no discernible relationship between SAA and age, BMI, or the length of infertility. Saliva cortisol and BMI in the oligoasthenoteratozoospermia group showed a substantial negative correlation (r = 0.483 & p = 0.009), although no significant link was seen with age, BMI, or length of infertility in the other study groups. There was no significant positive or negative correlation found between SAA level and the age and BMI of the four study groups, whereas salivary cortisol showed a substantial negative correlation with BMI in OAT and a non-significant correlation with age.
Obesity induces metabolic dysfunctions in bodily systems and is a significant health challenge. Excessive adipose tissue accumulation encompasses dynamic, endocrine, and biologically active processes. The fundamental pathogenic mechanism of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation exacerbated by pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, adipokines, and cytokines. The rising prevalence of obesity over the past forty years has led to an increase in associated comorbidities, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). To clarify the impact of increasing body mass index (BMI) in PCOS and non PCOS on the ICSI outcomes of 143 infertile Iraqi females, dividing them into two main groups: PCOS and non PCOS and each group into normal weight and overweight/obese group. Group 1= normal BMI PCOS, group 2= overweight/ obese PCOS, group 3= normal BMI non PCOS, group 4= overweight/obese non PCOS. Significant differences in ICSI outcomes were observed in the PCOS groups compared to the non-PCOS groups concerning the total number of harvested, MI, MII oocytes, GV, abnormal and fertilised oocytes, total and D3 grade I embryos alongside higher number of arrested and transplanted embryos. There are numerically higher number of D3 grade II and III embryos, morula and blastocyst with no significant difference seen. The rates of maturation and fertilisation exhibited no significant disparities. The biochemical pregnancy rate was higher in group 2 compared to group 1, and in group 4 compared to group 3, with a statistically significant difference. A higher BMI among younger PCOS individuals may be associated with better pregnancy outcomes.
CA125 is a glycoprotein mucins (MUC16) tumor marker, used in screening, ovarian and endometrial malignancies and in monitoring therapy, early recurrences, and prognosis of these cancers. Hormonal induction for ovulation can elevate the risk of ovarian cancers so CA125 may be used for screening in PCOS as an unsafe group and the way of treatment may need to be changed in these patients. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disturbed diseases that can affect females in reproductive life. It has both metabolic and fertility impacts that can be seen in the reproductive period and post-menopausal life. To study the correlation between PCOS and CA125 level in relation to body weight in non-cancerous patients. 60 women were selected with age 18-42-year-old forty of them were diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria. They were divided into two groups according to BMI G1 was more than 25 kg/m 2 (overweight and obese) G2 was less than 25 kg/m 2 (normal) and the G3 was 20 healthy non-PCOS BMI less than 25 kg/m 2 . Blood samples were taken in the early follicular phase for assessing luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and, free testosterone (FT) hormone. Other blood samples were taken at the late follicular phase to measure CA125 levels using Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA). PCOS G2 were significantly higher in the concentration of CA125 than PCOS G1 (p< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in CA125 level in groups when there is no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between PCOS G1 and G2. P>0.05. The negative relation between CA125 concentration and weight. The tumor marker CA125 efficacy is decreased in obese women. Furthermore, PCOS not causes an increase in CA125 in the non-cancerous patient.
Glycotoxins termed as advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are made endogenously and exogenously. Maillard reaction is a chemical non-enzymatic process, between sugars and a free amino acid group of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids which happens exogenously when handled with high temperature for a prolonged period and in a dry environment, resulting in glycotoxins (AGEs) formations. This reaction is responsible for the taste, color, and smell of food. Glycotoxins derived from food are absorbed in the intestine and store in cells and tissues. Also, glycotoxins are derived exogenously from smoking. While endogenous glycotoxins are generated by normal body physiology. Obesity and insulin resistance may induce glycotoxins (AGEs) accumulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between glycotoxins (AGEs) and obesity. 66 infertile females who were undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI. These females were classified into three groups according to their body mass index. On the day of ova pick up the collect serum and follicular fluid for subsequent measurement of glycotoxins (AGEs) by ELISA kits. there was a significant difference in the concentration of glycotoxins in follicular fluid and serum between the three ICSI groups of patients. As well as there was a significant difference in the concentration of glycotoxins (AGEs) in follicular fluid and serum in the same ICSI groups of patients. there is a significant positive relation between glycotoxins (AGEs) and increase BMI.
Intratesticular testosterone plays a crucial role in male reproductive function and overall health. Body Mass Index (BMI) and smoking are known lifestyle factors that can influence hormonal balances. Elevated BMI has been associated with alterations in testosterone levels, impacting male fertility and endocrine function. The aim was to examine the concurrent relationships between intratesticular testosterone, BMI, and smoking habits. Biopsies of the testicles were taken from 32 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) under spinal or general anesthesia was performed after a comprehensive history, physical examination, and investigations. After performing a minced biopsy and centrifuging the fluid, testicular fluid was extracted. The highest intratesticular testosterone levels were in normal patients and lowest levels in over weight patient; on the contrary the highest serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were found in over weight patient and lowest levels in normal weight patients; There were insignificantly higher both intratesticular testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in non-smokers. In conclusion, the statistical analysis revealed that there is an insignificantly low correlation between intratesticular testosterone levels, BMI, and smoking.
Azoospermic patients have the option of undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures, specifically intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), for which sperm is retrieved from the patient's own testicles and then injected directly into the oocyte. The aim of the study: evaluate the role of repeated sperm extraction by enzymatic and mechanical mincing techniques in azoospemic patients. A total of 32 males with non-obstructive azoospermia participated in the research. Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was performed under spinal or general anesthesia after a comprehensive history, physical examination, and investigations. After that, the biopsies underwent through a series of mincing processes, both mechanical and enzymatic. Patients gave information including age, body mass index and previous biopsy attempts. In both enzymatic and mechanical methods there was no significant higher sperm recovery in patients with history of previous testicular biopsies (66.7% vs. 38.5%; p=0.209) and (66.7% vs. 30.8%; p=0.102) respectively. Patients who had undergone prior testicular biopsies had marginally higher sperm recovery rates using both enzymatic and mechanical techniques
Background: Leptin is an adipocyte —secreted protein that participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis. It prevents the body from storing fat, controls hunger and cravings, regulates food intake and energy expenditure, provides the body with an index of nutritional status and controls the whole body fat metabolism. Leptin is a product of ob gene created by adipocytes. It seems to signal metabolic information to the reproductive system. Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the relationship between serum leptin and infertility in oligozoospermic men. Materials and Methods: Seventy men were investigated; fertile normozoospermic as a control (n=35) and infertile oligozoospermic (n=35). The patients underwent estimation of body weight (kg), height body mass index (BMI), semen analysis, serum FSH, LH, testosterone and leptin, lipid profile and serum malondialdehyde (MDA). The infertile group was given a treatment course of clomiphene citrate (50 mg) and vitamin E (400mg) and then all the previous parameters were reevaluated after 3 months. Results: Mean body weight was significantly higher in infertile oligozoospermia compared to controls. The height showed no significant difference between the groups. Hormonal profile revealed significant (P=0.0001) difference in FSH between control group and oligozoospermic group (7.04±4.20 versus 3.35±1.47 mIU/ml), but after treatment with clomiphene citrate and vitamin E there is a slight non-significant (P=0.231) decrease in the level of FSH in oligozoospermic group. The level of testosterone showed a statistically significant (P=0.0001) difference between fertile normozoospermic (5.52 ±1.29 ng/ml) and infertile oligozoospermic. This hormone showed a significant (P<0.0001) increase in its level after treatment with clomiphene citrate and vitamin E (3.48±1.56 ng/ml). Other hormone showed non significant difference between the two groups pre and post treatment. Lipid profile showed no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant (P=0.477) difference in serum MDA between the control and the infertile groups (4.69±1.32 vs. 5.18±1.19 µmol/L) respectively, but after treatment the results showed a mild significant (P=0.026) decrease in comparison to the level in the control group and also a significant (P=0.0001) decrease in comparison to the level before treatment. Infertile oligozoospermic had significantly higher serum leptin level (8.03±1.22 ng/ml) than control (3.62 ± 1.00 ng/ml). Conclusion: Serum leptin demonstrated a significant positive correlation with age, body weight, BMI and a significant inverse correlation with serum testosterone. It had nonsignificant correlation with the height and sperm concentration. These results are suggestive of a link between the adipocyte derived hormone leptin and male reproduction.
For successful implantation, a high-quality embryo, receptive endometrium, and tight communication between the two are required. The lack of uterine contractions during embryo transfer is one of the characteristics that greatly affects endometrial receptivity. This is because it has been observed that ET may cause uterine contractions, which may be harmful to embryonic apposition and endometrial blood flow .The aim of this study was to assess how magnesium sulfate administration on the day of embryo transfer improve sub endometrial blood flow, endometrial receptivity, and increase implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate . Eighty infertile women undergoing ART cycles participated in this prospective. Recombinant FSH (Gonal-F) was used in a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation technique. The first group A (n=40) got a 4gm infusion of magnesium sulfate, while the second placebo control group B (n=40) received 200ml of 5% glucose water as a placebo, respectively. While there were no significant changes in body mass index (BMI), endometrial thickness, number of transferred embryos, or embryo transfer day, significant variations were seen in patient mean age (p<0.001) and mean number of grades I embryo (P=0.003). It was significantly different after magnesium sulfate administration with the lowest value in magnesium sulfate group (P=0.024; P <0.001 and P <0.001 respectively). Implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate both increased after drugs administration although it was non-significant (P= 0.106 and P= 0.348 respectively). It appears that magnesium sulfate injection before to embryo transfer can significantly increase sub endometrial vascularity and endometrial receptivity and improving implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate non significantly in ICSI cycles by lowering uterine muscular
Recurrent miscarriage can be defined as two or more consequence unsuccessful clinical pregnancies and confirmed by ultrasonography or histopathological examination and consider the most common clinical complications reproduction, and it affects (2%–5%) of reproduction couple. The present study included 140 women who were already diagnosed with recurrent miscarriage. Following complete clinical workup, including history, examination and investigations, enrolled women were classified into two main subgroups, explained group ( n = 85) and unexplained group ( n = 55). In this study, the result showed no significant difference found between the two subgroups explained and unexplained regarding age and the body mass index. In the obstetric history characteristics of women enrolled in the current study, there is no significant difference between the explained and unexplained group according to gravity, parity, and the number of abortions. Additionally, no significant difference according to gestational age and types of abortion but found significant in the type of complete abortion between the explained and unexplained group. Results showed that recurrent miscarriage rates increased in women with positive anti-phospholipids, in addition, a significant difference in the type of complete abortion between the explained and unexplained group of recurrent miscarriage women.
Background: The effects of Lead and other essential metal like zinc and copper on the reproductive system have been previously reviewed. Objective: Our goal in this study was to estimate the levels of Lead, Zinc and Copper in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and to confirm the effect of such metals on the female reproductive system at environmental exposure. Materials and Method: Fifty two women in their reproductive age (20-40) years old, which had been diagnosed as PCOS. Venous blood sample were taken from each patient and control, blood lead, zinc and copper were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hormone assay were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbet Assay) technique. Results: This study showed a significant increase of blood lead and serum zinc, copper (p<0.01), in addition to testosterone, lutenizing hormone, LH/FSH ratio and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome when compared with control. Conclusions: On the basis of the observations of the present study, it can conclude that the increased levels of Lead as a result of the exposure to this metal may be a risk factor for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome in women and has adverse effects on female endocrine and reproductive function.
Background: Male obesity is associated with physiological changes that can negatively affect male fertility. Obese men have demonstrated a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of oligozoospermia when compared with men with normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Objective: To find the correlation between Aromatase enzyme with the following hormones (follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Luteinizing hormone(LH), Estradiol(E2), and testosterone) in the obese infertile male. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Seventy obese infertile male (patients) and twenty obese fertile male (control) are enrolled in this study. Aromatase enzyme, FSH, LH, E2 and testosterone hormones were measured in their serum. All serum samples were measured by ELISA method. Results: Median human cytochrome enzyme level was significantly higher in patients than in control group, 87.55+ 12.48 pg./ml versus 56.95+9.88 pg./ml, P= 0.014. In patients group, a significant positive correlation was found between human cytochrome enzyme, FSH, and LH. Conclusions: The present study showed clearly that male obesity negatively affects fertility through changes in hormone levels. The results suggest that increased estrogen because of aromatization in the fatty tissue, reflected through the increase in human cytochrome enzyme (aromatase), may be an important mechanism for the hypoandrogenemia and altered sperm parameters.
To explore whether dual triggering for final oocyte maturation using a low dose of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) is as effective as the standard dose of recombinant hCG triggering alone in term of a total number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization and pregnancy rate in fresh autologous antagonist intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. 80 infertile women undergoing ICSI, aged ˂ 40 years, 18˂ Body mass index ˂30 Kg/m2 included in fresh autologous antagonist ICSI cycles. 40 women received a Standard dose of recombinant hCG (500 µg) alone and 40 women received GnRH-a (0.2 mg triptorelin plus 250 µg recombinant hCG) were used for final oocytes maturation. This study was conducted at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Techniques, Al Nahrain University. The mean total number of retrieved oocytes, fertilization, and pregnancy rate were measured. The mean total oocyte number being statistically higher in the dual trigger group. The mean number of fertilized oocytes and clinical pregnancy rates was higher in the dual trigger group than in the control group, but the difference showed borderline statistical significance. Furthermore, fertilization rates show no statistical difference between the control group and the dual trigger group. Results of the study confirm that dual triggers show favorable improvement in fresh autologous antagonist ICSI cycles with the use of GnRH agonists plus hCG compared with hCG alone for triggering of final oocyte maturation.
There is a relation between adipose tissue and macrophages. These macrophage cells influence adipose tissue by releasing many bioactive chemicals, including the wingless-type MMTV integration site family 5a (wnt5a) glycopeptides and the more traditional cytokines. Healthy adipocytes can release the wnt5a inhibitor Secreted frizzled-related protein 5(SFRP5). However, this protective effect was found to be reduced in obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of follicular and serum levels of SFRP5 as well as serum and follicular levels of wnt5a on ICSI outcome and determine the potential roles of SFRP5 as a predictor of positive pregnancy in Iraqi infertile females undergoing ICSI with different body mass index .Ninety infertile females who received intracytoplasmic sperm injection and had various infertility factors between 18 and 45 years participated in this prospective clinical cross-sectional study. Follicular fluid, serum SFRP5, and serum and follicular fluid wnt5a levels were measured for all participants on the day of ovum pickup. In addition, ICSI outcomes were determined. There was a significant difference in the mean total gonadotrophin dose used among the three studied groups (p = 0.023), higher in overweight and obese females than normal-weight females. There was a positive significant correlation between serum plus follicular fluid wnt5a and total gonadotropin dose. Serum and follicular fluid SFRP5 levels were significantly higher in normal-weight females. There were higher serum (p-value=0.002) and follicular fluids (p-value=0.005) SFRP5 levels in pregnant females. Both SFRP5 and wnt5a glycoproteins were detected in infertile women's serum and follicular fluid. Serum and follicular fluid secreted frizzled-related protein 5 level positively associated with ICSI outcome. The cutoff values for serum and follicular fluid SFRP5 were ≥15.86 (ng/ml) and ≥ 11.3(ng/ml), respectively, as predictors of positive pregnancy in women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles. Obesity, BMI, SFRP5, wnt5a, ICSI Outcome
Background: Obesity, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health .The effects of obesity on male reproduction have been less well studied than those on female reproduction, but there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that obesity has an adverse effect on male reproduction However, a little is known about the effect of obesity on male reproductive system and infertility. Infertility is defined as inability to achieve conception within one year. It has not yet been clearly established how excess adiposity relates to the biological changes that underlie male infertility, although there are several theories worth exploring. The endocrine abnormalities associated with obesity in women are well known with an increase in androgen metabolism and changing in reproductive hormones in over weight and obese men. Objective: The study aim at assessing the role of obesity in infertile males through measurement of BMI, some of sex hormones. Methods: This study was carried out in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, on the adult male population aged 17-45 years, from September 2013 to April 2014. The recruited cases divided into 90 infertile obese male and 30 normal weights infertile as pathological control group and 30 normal weight fertile men as normal control group.The serum samples willed collect of the patients and measure the concentrations of the sex hormones (FSH, LH, INHB) by using ELISA technique. Body Mass Index Calculation Height (m) and weight (kg). Results: There was no significant correlation between BMI (30.1±93.45, 21.40±5.24,23.24±1.42)kg/m2 in patients group, pathological control group and control group and serum LH level (22.35±12.79, 19.31±9.94, 13.90±8.33) ml U/ml in all three group respectively. There was a significant negative correlation (P< 0.03) between BMI (23.24±1.42)kg/m2 and serum FSH level (7.10±3.77) ml U/ml, in control group. While there was no significant correlation between BMI (30.19±3.45,21.40 ±5.24) kg/m2 and serum FSH level (13.59±15.72, 11.58±14.06) ml U/ml in both patients' group and pathological control group respectively.There was no significant correlation between BMI (30.19±3.45, 21.40±5.24,23.2±1.42) kg/m2and serum INHB level in the patients group, pathological control group and control group (88.8±57.96, 108.51±78.39, 141.65±63.95) pg/ml respectively. Conclusions: The BMI did not correlated with some reproductive hormones (LH, FSH,INHB) in obese infertile males, but there was a significant correlation between the FSH and BMI in control group. In infertile obese group found the highest level of LH, FSH, and the lowest level of INHB comparing with other group in this study.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder with symptoms and diverse clinical manifestations. Obesity, a common comorbidity in PCOS, may exacerbate and lead to varied hormonal and inflammatory profiles. This study aimed to compare serum DHEAS, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels between obese and non-obese women with PCOS, providing insights into the intricate interplay between obesity, hormonal imbalances, and inflammation in this condition and offering potential pathways for enhancing fertility treatment outcomes in this challenging patient population. In this cross-sectional study, the data was analyzed from sixty -five women diagnosed with PCOS, categorized into two groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI): Thirty-eight were non-obese (BMI < 30) and twenty-seven obese women (BMI ≥ 30). Serum samples were collected to measure DHEAS, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels using the ELIZA kit. These measures were then compared between the two groups to ascertain any significant differences. The study found significantly higher serum DHEAS levels in non-obese PCOS patients compared to their obese counterparts (p = 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed in serum TNF-α and IL-10 levels between the two groups (TNF-α p = 0.58; IL-10 p = 0.13). Serum DHEAS were significantly higher in non-obese compared to their obese counterparts’ women with PCOS. In contrast, no significant variance was found regarding S.TNF-α and S.IL-10 between the two groups
Background: Male obesity is associated with physiological changes that can negatively affect male fertility. Obese men have demonstrated a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of oligozoospermia when compared with men with normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Objective: To estimate the role of aromatase enzyme in decreasing sperm parameters in obese infertile men. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Seventy obese infertile male (patients) and twenty obese fertile male (control) are enrolled in this study. Seminal fluid analysis done according to criteria of WHO (2010). Results: A significant negative correlation was found between human cytochrome enzyme and sperm concentration, progressively motile sperm, non-progressively motile sperm, immotile sperm and normal morphology. Conclusion: The present study showed clearly that male obesity negatively impacts fertility through direct association between increased (BMI) and semen parameters. The results suggest that increased estrogen as a result of aromatization in the fatty tissue, reflected through the increase in human cytochrome enzyme (aromatase), may be an important mechanism for the hypoandrogenemia and altered sperm parameters.
The effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) on fertility outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles has been extensively evaluated and the results of these studies have shown a lot of controversial issues. Folate is a naturally occurring type of vitamin B9 crucial for reproductive health. 65 infertile couples were subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Both primary and secondary types of infertility were involved, with different causes. The mean plasma folate of all infertile women was 12.71±6.52, with pregnant 11.60±5.57 and non-pregnant 11.74±8.80; with no significant difference in mean plasma folate between them. Moreover, the means of follicular fluid folate of all infertile women, pregnant women, and non-pregnant women were 8.00±5.39, 7.84±4.68, and 8.39±6.19 respectively. There was no significant statistical difference in mean follicular fluid folate between pregnant and non-pregnant women (p=0.719). Also, both plasma folate and follicular fluid folate were not significantly correlated to oocyte and embryo characteristics. Although plasma folate was higher in obese than normal and overweight women, the difference did not reach statistical significance. It appears that the correlation among maternal BMI, folate level and fertility outcomes in women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles are still controversial and much research work is needed to figure out such complex interaction among these variables.