Background: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can destroy or severely reduce spermatogenesis and thereby jeopardize fertility in the long term. There is still no medical treatment that guarantees fertility preservation after chemo- and radiotherapy. Now with recent improvement of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and possibility of using testicular spermatozoa or epididymal spermatozoa at in vitro fertilization (IVF) by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of testicular tissue is an option in fertility preservation for males who will lose spermatogenic cells as a result of chemoand radiotherapy and for males with azoospermia. Objectives: This study is an attempt to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in the mice testicular tissue after cryopreservation/thawing cycle when using different types of cryoprotectants as well as to investigate the changes that occur in mice testicular tissue after cryopreservation/thawing cycle as a model for human being. Methods: Fifty mature fertile male mice between 8- 12 weeks old were used in the current study. For each mouse, one testis was evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically (using 8-Hydroxy 2'-Deoxyguanosine as marker of oxidative DNA damage) without cryopreservation (control group). The other testis was evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically (using 8-Hydroxy 2'-Deoxyguanosine as marker of oxidative DNA damage) after six weeks of cryopreservation using different types of cryoprotectants (cryopreserved group). Results: The microscopically observation of slides obtained from cryopreserved testis differs according to the type of cryoprotectant (glycerol, 1,2 propanediol and dimethylsulfoxide), in the dimethylsulfoxide group, tissue sections showed no major differences versus control group, but in the histological sections obtained from tissue cryopreserved by glycerol as cryoprotectant showed moderate morphological and structural changes as compared with the control group. While, the tissue samples subjected to 1,2 propanediol as cryoprotectant displayed the severest morphological and structural changes as compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical results of the present study showed a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in oxidative DNA damage in the cryopreserved testis (46.78%, 63.45% and 32.59% represent cryoprotectant glycerol, 1, 2 propanediol and dimethylsulfoxide, respectively) compared with control group (19.27%) after six weeks of cryopreservation. Conclusion: From the results of the current study, it was concluded that there was alteration in testis histology after cryopreservation/thawing cycle and increase the level of oxidative DNA damage after cryopreservation/thawing cycle. As well as dimethylsulfoxide cryoprotectant provide good protection for testis histology and DNA.
Background: Analysis of human reports and comparison with results of exper-imental animals indicate that the effects of progesterone on human not analo-gous to experimental animals fetus, many studies showed that exposure to pro-gesterone during developing of genital tract of human fetus was not teratogenic. Other studies which performed on laboratory animals found association between progesterone administration during gestation and genital malformation. Objectives: to explore the effect of progesterone in 10.2mg/kg intraperitoneal injection in mice on testis development and anogenital distance. Materials and Methods: ten pregnant mice divided into five mouse control group that injected10.2mg/kg sesame oil and treated group that injected proges-terone at dose 10.2mg/kg/day allover gestation to the seventh day postnatally, mice offspring sacrificed, the anogenital distance, weight and diameter of testis were measured ,histological slides were prepared and examined for histopatho-logical change and measurement of seminiferous tubules diameter, germinal epithelium thickness and interstitial space were done . Results: the current study found anogenital distance decrement and histopatho-logical changes in mice offspring testis as hemorrhage or congestion of blood vessels ,irregular shapes of seminiferous tubules with atrophy, detachment of spermatogenic cells from basement membrane, death of spermatogenic cells and destruction of Sertoli and leydig cells ,it is also showed wider interstitial tissue and thinner germinal epithelium. Conclusions: The present study indicate study that progesterone injected in mice at dose 10.2 mg/kg /day (the equivalent human dose allover gestation was em-bryotoxic and teratogenic, it may cause feminization of male offsprings repre-sented by decrement the anogenital distance in mice and hypospadias in human .
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamate (simply glutamate, water and sodium) and is widely used as food additive and as flavoring agent to increase appetite. The present study was to evaluate the effect of daily oral admiration of (MSG) (100mg/kg/day) for 30day on reproductive system of males and females Swiss albino mice. Forty albino mice weighting about (25-30kg) were used in the present study. The animal were divided in two groups: control group (10 males and 10 females)(n=20) and treated group(males and females) n=20.The body weight of the animals detected at the beginning and the end of experiment. At 30 days animals sacrificed and ovaries, uterus, testis were removed and weighted, Samples of ovaries, uterus testis fixed in 10%formaline for histological study. The final result show highly significant increase in the body weight and show significant decrease in the weight of ovaries and testis. The histological study in the treated group of testis show suppression of spermatogenesis, degenerate of seminiferous tubules and congestion of blood vessels. The histological changes in the ovaries such as congested blood vessels of medulla, increased atretic follicles and uterus show necrosis in perimetrium , presence of lacunae in the uterine wall structure . Conclusions: Monosodium glutamate has negative effect on reproductive system for each sex. So that will effect on the fertility .Also the increased body weight could lead to increase the incidence of congestive heart diseases and diabetes mellitus.
Background: Among various natural therapeutic remedies, Aloe vera, a medical plant widely used in food supplements, beverages, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Aloe vera has been widely reported for its numerous medicinal effects. Objectives: The present investigation was carried out to study the histological changes in the mice testis consumed low doses of Aloe vera leaf gel extracts. Methods: Forty immature male Swiss Webster mice divided into two equal groups (experimental and control) (G and C respectively). The experimental group (G) was given 10 µl of Aloe vera extract orally for 21 days. While the control groups (C) were given by the same dose and rout of administration with normal saline only. After Six weeks (around puberty) the male were sacrificed to get their testes; each testis was fixed. Then histological sections with a thickness of 5 microns were prepared. Results: Histological studies of mice testes from groups that consume low dose Aloe vera extracts showed enhanced the entire structure of spermatogenic layer of semineferous tubules that composed of extensive normal arranged germ cells layer. A significant increase in the numbers of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and spermatids, rates of normal supporting (Sertoli cells) and Leydig's cells. A significant increase in the rate of height of epithelial cells, and rates of sperms concentration in the semineferous tubules were observed too. Conclusion: Using low dose of Aloe vera extract enhanced the histological structure of male mice testis and may be useful to produce drugs to improve male fertility.
Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxicant, present widely in our environment and workplaces.It is well known that cadmium causes adverse effects on male reproductive organs and reproductive functions in experimental animals. Objective: This experiment was designed to find out the effect of cadmium on some histological and hormonal parameters of the reproductive system of adult male rats. Methods: thirty mature albino male rat were used (Rattus rattus norvegicus albinus), as a mammalian model. these animals were divided into two groups, 15 rat / group after labeling them. The control group (G1) was orally administrated with distilled water during the 4 weeks period of the experiment and the experimental group (G2) was orally administrated with 20 ml cadmium chloride (200 mg/1L body weight) during the 4 weeks. First of all, the rat were anesthetized, after that blood aspiration using anesthetic cardiac puncture and the serum was separated and store at -20°C until assessment of FSH, LH and testosterone hormones. After that, the weight of reproductive organs (testis,epididymus and seminal vesicle) was recorded. These organs were fixed with 10% formal saline for histological study. Results: The statistical analysis shows a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in the weight of the testes and seminal vesicles when compared with control group. The results of the sperm parameters show a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in sperm concentration and a highly significant (p≤0.01) decrease in sperm motility in treated group as compared to control. The result of testicular sections in treated group shows a decrease in thickness of germ cells layer, widening of the central seminiferous tubules lumen and prominent germ cells population necrosis. Multiple vacuoles were seen within the tubules. Sertoli cells were abnormal in number and shape as compared to control. A peritubular fibrotic change had been seen also in the testicular sections. The result also shows a highly significant decrease in diameters of seminiferous tubules, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and increase in interstitial space when treated with cadmium compared with control group. The Levels of serum hormones shows a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of testosterone and LH hormones mean in the treated group,while highly significant (ps0.01) increase in the FSH hormone mean in the treated group when compared to the levels mean of the hormone in the control group.. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings suggest that cadmium administration with 20 ml cadmium chloride (200 mg/1L body weight) for 4 weeks during the adulthood induced damage in the reproductive organs and lead to impair the functions of sperm parameters and cause histological and hormonal alterations.
The structural elements like the “blood-testis barrier” (BTB) and systemic and local tolerance mechanisms help to maintain testicular homeostasis, which shields germ cells and mature sperms from immune attack. Any damage to this barrier could result in an immune attack and may lead to infertility. This study aims to look at the correlation between male infertility and immunological factors (IL-17, IL-25, and anti-sperm antibody). During the months of October 2021 and July 2022, a total of 144 samples were taken from patients who sought to have infertility tested. The subjects' semen specimens were taken in order to perform the ELISA tests for IL-17, IL-25, and ASA. The levels of ASA, IL-17, and IL-25 differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) across study groups, according to the results of immunological parameters. The results of the correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between IL-17 and IL-25, but not between those two interleukins and ASA. Although there was theoretically a positive link in this study, it was very weak and not significant. The findings suggest that IL-17, IL-25, and ASA influence seminal fluid parameters, which in turn affect male fertility.
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the absence of sperm in infertile men ejaculate as a result of significant spermatogenesis defects or hormonal malfunction. PRP intratesticular injection may be employed in assisted reproductive technology as a therapeutic effect for this problem. The aim is to assess the level of spermatogenesis and reproductive hormones after PRP autologous intratesticular injection. 50 non-abstructive azoospermia infertile men participated in the current study. The patients were given an intra-testicular injection of platelet-rich plasma using a 1 ml syringe; FSH LH hormonal levels were estimated; if there was no sperm count, the patient should be prepared for a testicular biopsy by the expert doctor. Small number of sperm may be discovered during a biopsy while the testes are being examined in the lab. The therapeutic benefits were seen in 15 patients 3-4 months after using autologous platelet-rich plasma. The results showed that there was a highly significant difference in FSH and LH hormonal levels after PRP injection P(0.001). PRP can help non-obstructive azoospermic infertile males with their testis' structural and functional dysfunction.