Background: Superovulation in mice causes a delayed embryonic development in vitro and in vivo, an increased abnormal blastocyst formation, pronounced fetal growth retardation. Objective: Morphometric measurements the dimensions (thickness, length) of fetal kidney and suprarenal gland during the later intrauterine life, after superovulation induction. Methods: Twenty five mature female mice Swiss-Webster mice, these mice were divided into two groups: experimental (G1) (15animal/group) and control group(G2) (10 animal/group). Superovulation was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 7.5 IU of PMSG,then followed by 7.5 IU of HCG after 48 hours. Ovulation was taken place between 122± hours after injection of HCG. One mature male mice was placed with three superovulated female mice for mating. Pregnant females were sacrificed on gestational day eighteen in all experimental groups. For morphometric study 20 mice embryos were fixed in Bouin>s fixative, longitudinal sections of whole embedded embryo were stained by H&E, the specimens independently read. The dimensions (thickness, length) of fetal kidney and suprarenal gland were evaluated. Results: The statistical analysis showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in weights of fetuses in comparison with control group. The study was showed significant decrease (P< 0.01) in fetal kidney dimensions at day 18 of intrauterine life, when it compared to the fetal kidney of non superovulated group(control group). There was also significant decrease (P< 0.01) in the morphometric measurements of fetal suprarenal gland dimensions. Conclusion: The study improve that there is a delay in growth of kidney and suprarenal gland in fetal mice that belongs to mother undergo to superovulation induction before pregnancy.
Despite developments in assisted reproductive technology, there is immaterial progress in the implantation and pregnancy rates. Intrauterine infusion (IUIF) of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might renew implantation rates through its paracrine properties by progression cytokines and growth factors which favor implantation. Here we determine whether the IUIF of autologous PRP had a role in pregnancy outcome through its outcome on epidermal growth factor and endometrial thickness. An overall of 43 patients where prospectively randomly dispersed into two groups subjected to a superovulation program using Letrozole® tablet orally 2.5 mg twice daily 12 hours apart from day 2 for 5 days for one cycle. 20 women were considered as control receiving the conventional intrauterine insemination (IUI) management while 23 of them were given PRP by IUIF on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection. The IUI was done for both groups 36-48 hours after confirming ovulation. The blood samples were collected from both groups on the day of IUI for the valuation of epidermal growth factor and an ultrasound was done on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection and day of IUI for assessment of endometrial thickness. The mean endometrial thickness in the PRP group at the day of IUI was significantly thicker than that of the control group and the difference in percentage change of endometrial thickness between PRP group and controls significantly higher in PRP group. The mean epidermal growth factor and the pregnancy rate were significantly superior in the PRP group than that of controls. In conclusion, autologous PRP IUIF was well-tolerated and resulted in a significant expansion in endometrial thickness, epidermal growth factor Level and, subsequent pregnancy rate in an infertile woman undergoing IUI.
Back ground: Optimal IVF and embryo culture conditions depend on the composition of culture media being the most important determinants of successful in vitro interaction of the gametes and subsequent embryo development. ATP is fundamental factor to maintain the life, by providing energy, and controlling the cell function and metabolism. Objective: To investigate the effect ATP supplied to culture medium on fertilization rate and in mice as model for human being. Materials and Methods: The female mice (90) were superovulated using superovulation program (SOP) to produce large number of oocyte were divided into three groups, G1 inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro alone (control) , G2 inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART enriched with ATP(1.25mM). While, G3 inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with ATP (2.5mM). Mouse spermatozoa were collected from both vas deferens. Then sperm parameters were assessed after 30 min. IVF technique was performed for 3 groups. Results: The results of the present study appear, significantly increment (P<0.05) in the IVF (%) was observed when using 2.5 mM ATP as compared to 1.25 mM ATP and control group. Conclusions: The result showed that addition of high ATP concentration (2.5 mM) enriched to the culture medium improved percentage of in vitro fertilization.
Background: Zygote produce from once a sperm fertilizes an egg cell. Then, the zygote (unicellular) will begin chain of cellular cleavages to produce multicellular mass, its embryo, the differentiated to different tissues and organism. The development of the embryo is called embryogenesis. Coenzyme Q10, is an antioxidant produced in the body. It boosts cellular energy and may enhance the immune system. CoQ10 is present and measurable in seminal fluid, the concentration of CoQ10 directly correlates with both sperm count and motility. It is beneficial in the prevention and treatment a wide range of health problems. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using coenzyme Q10 to improvein vitro fertilization (IVF), and early embryonic development (ED) in mice as a model for human being. Methods: Superovulation program was achieved to mature healthy female mice with age 10-12 weeks and weight 24-26 gm. After sacrificing female, oocytes were collected and incubated within CO2 incubator for less than 1 hour. Sperm were collected from vas deference of males. Sperm parameters were assessed after 30 min. ofincubation. Mature oocytes were divided into three groups according to theconcentrations of CoQ10 including G1 (control group; SMART medium only), G2 (treated group; SMART medium enriched with 20 M CoQ10) and G3 (treated group; SMART medium enriched with 40 M CoQ10). IVF technique was performed for 3 groups, and assessment of IVF (%), embryonic development stage (%) and abnormal embryo morphology (%) for each embryo stage. Results: Results of the present study appeared significant increment (P<0.05) in the percentages of IVF for both treated groups as compared to the control groups. Also, significant increase (P<0.0P) in the IVF (%) was observed when using 40 M CoQ10 as compared to 20 M CoQ10. Non significant differences (P>0.05%) in the 8-cells embryo stage were assessed among control and treated groups. Conclusion: From the results of the present study it wasconcluded that the coenzyme Q10 (40µM) enriched to the culture medium improved percentage of in vitro fertilization and no effect on embryonic development.