Cover
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014)

Published: July 31, 2014

Pages: 37-42

Research Article

Assessment of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development using SMART medium enriched with coenzyme Q10

Muhammad-Baqir M-R. Fakhrildin 1 Nahla A. AL-Bakri Mudhafar A-Hussen Muhammad
1High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad-Iraq
History
  • Received: April 1, 2014
  • Available Online: July 1, 2014

Abstract

Background: Zygote produce from once a sperm fertilizes an egg cell. Then, the zygote (unicellular) will begin chain of cellular cleavages to produce multicellular mass, its embryo, the differentiated to different tissues and organism. The development of the embryo is called embryogenesis. Coenzyme Q10, is an antioxidant produced in the body. It boosts cellular energy and may enhance the immune system. CoQ10 is present and measurable in seminal fluid, the concentration of CoQ10 directly correlates with both sperm count and motility. It is beneficial in the prevention and treatment a wide range of health problems. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using coenzyme Q10 to improvein vitro fertilization (IVF), and early embryonic development (ED) in mice as a model for human being. Methods: Superovulation program was achieved to mature healthy female mice with age 10-12 weeks and weight 24-26 gm. After sacrificing female, oocytes were collected and incubated within CO2 incubator for less than 1 hour. Sperm were collected from vas deference of males. Sperm parameters were assessed after 30 min. ofincubation. Mature oocytes were divided into three groups according to theconcentrations of CoQ10 including G1 (control group; SMART medium only), G2 (treated group; SMART medium enriched with 20 M CoQ10) and G3 (treated group; SMART medium enriched with 40 M CoQ10). IVF technique was performed for 3 groups, and assessment of IVF (%), embryonic development stage (%) and abnormal embryo morphology (%) for each embryo stage. Results: Results of the present study appeared significant increment (P<0.05) in the percentages of IVF for both treated groups as compared to the control groups. Also, significant increase (P<0.0P) in the IVF (%) was observed when using 40 M CoQ10 as compared to 20 M CoQ10. Non significant differences (P>0.05%) in the 8-cells embryo stage were assessed among control and treated groups. Conclusion: From the results of the present study it wasconcluded that the coenzyme Q10 (40µM) enriched to the culture medium improved percentage of in vitro fertilization and no effect on embryonic development.

Keywords

References

  1. Gian Paolo Littarru Energy and Defense, Facts andperspectives on CoenzymeQ10 in biology and medicine. CasaEditriceScientificalnternazionale. 1994;pp 1-91.
  2. Alvarez JG Storey B. Spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rabbit epididymalspermatozoa: its effect on sperm motility. BiolReprod 1982;27:1102-8.
  3. Karlsson J. Heart and skeletal muscle ubiquinone or CoQ10 as protectiveagent against radical formation in man. AdvMyochem 1987;1:305-8.
  4. Kal en A, Appelkvist EL, Chojnaki T, Dallner G. Nonaprenyl-4-hydroxibenzoatetransferase, an enzyme involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis inendoplasmic reticulum-Golgi system. J BiolChem 1990;25:1158-64.
  5. Balercia G, Arnaldi G, Fazioli F, et al.Coenzyme Q10 levels in idiopathic and varicocele-associated asthenozoospermia.Andrologia 2002;34:107-11.
  6. YEUNG, W.S.B. and NG, E.H.Y. Laboratory aspects assisted reproduction. HKMJ.2000;6:163-168. of
  7. Mahadevan M, Miller MM, and Moutos DM. Absence of glucose decreases human fertilization and sperm movment characteristics in vitro. Hum. Reprod. 1997 12:119-123.
  8. Fakhrildin, M. B. M.R. Effect of cumulus cell co-culture and protein supplement on success of in vitro fertilization and development of pre-implanted embryos in mice. 2005: 3141
  9. Sathananthan AH.Centrioles in the beginning of human development. Proceedings of the Nationa Academy of Sciences the United States of America. 1999; 88:48064810.
  10. Balakier H, MacLusky NJ and Casper RF. Characterization of the firstce11 cycle in human zygotes: Implications for cryopreservation. Fertil.Steril. 1993; 59: 359-65.
  11. Huntington Study Group. A randomized, placebocontrolled trial of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in Huntington's Disease. Neurology 2001:57:397-404.
  12. Mizuno K, Tanaka M, Nozaki S,et al. Antifatigue effects of coenzyme Q10 during physical fatigue. Nutrition 2008; 24:293-9.
  13. Navara C S, First NL, SchattenG(1994) DevBiol 162:2940.
  14. Crane FL (2001): Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. JAm CollNutr 20: 591-598.
  15. Reynolds, J. A. and Hand, S. C. Differences in isolated mitochondria are insufficient to account for respiratory depression during diapause in artemiafranciscana embryos. Physiol. Biochem. Zool.2004 77, 366-377.
  16. Miodrag Stojkovic, Kirsten Westesen, ValeriZakhartchenko, et al Coenzyme Q10 in SubmicronSized Dispersion Improves Development, Hatching, Cell Proliferation, and Adenosine Triphosphate Content of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos1 biology of reproduction. 1999; 61, 541547
  17. Levavasseur, F., Miyadera, H., Sirois, J., et al. Ubiquinone is necessary for mouse embryonic development but is not essential for mitochondrial respiration. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2001.276, 46160-46164.
  18. Dallner G, Sindelar PJ. Regulation of ubiquinone metabolism. Free RadicBiol Med 2000; 29: 285-94.
  19. Gazdik F, Gvozdjakova A, Nadvornikova R. et al. Decreased levels of coenzyme Q(10) in patients with bronchial asthma. Allergy 2002;57:811-814.
  20. Young AJ, Johnson S, Steffens DC, Doraiswamy PM. Coenzyme Q10: a review of its promise as a neuroprotectant. CNS Spectr2007;12:62-68.
  21. Hand, S. C. Quiescence in Artemiafranciscana embryos: reversible arrest ofmetabolism and gene expression at low oxygen levels. J. Exp. Biol. 1998.201, 1233-1242.
  22. Gnaiger, E., Mendez, G. and Hand, S. C. High phosphorylation efficiency anddepression of uncoupled respiration in mitochondria under hypoxia. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 2000.97, 11080-11085.
  23. Li W, Li K, Huang YF. Biological function ofCoQ10 and its effect on the quality of spermatozoa.Zhonghua Nan KeXue2006;12:1119-1122.
  24. Menke T, Niklowitz P, Reinehr T, et al. Plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 in children with hyperthyroidism. Horm Res 2004:61:153-158.
  25. Fleming A D, Cummins J M, Kuehl T J, Seidel GE, Yanagimachi R. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization:Implications for theories on human evolution(1986) J ExpZool 237:383-390.
  26. Bedford J M, Cooper G W, Phillips D M, Dryden G L. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human?evolution (1994) BiolReprod 50:820-834.
  27. Hecht N B, Liem H, Kleene K C, Distel R J, Ho S M. Detecting the effects of toxic agents on spermatogenesis using DNA Probes.(1984) DevBiol 102:452-461.
  28. Piko L, Matsumoto L. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human evolution (1976) DevBiol 4:1-10.
  29. Chen X, Prosser R, Simonetti S, Sadlock J, Jagiello G, Schon E A. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human evolution (1994) Neurology 44:A336.
  30. Shalgi R, Magnus A, Jones R, Phillips D M. Misconceptions about mitochondria and mammalian fertilization: Implications for theories on human evolution(1994) MolReprodDev 37:264-271.
  31. Mancini A, Milardi D, Conte G, et al. CoenzymeQ10: another biochemical alteration linkedto infertility in variocele patients? Metabolism2003;52:402-406.
  32. Mancini A, De Marinis L, Oradei A, et al. CoenzymeQ10 concentrations in normal and pathologicalhuman seminal fluid. JAndrol1994:15:591-594.
  33. Gaby AR. The role of Coenzyme Q10 in clinicalmedicine: Part I. Altern Med Rev 1996;1:11-17.
  34. SzollosiD(1965) J ExpZool 159:367-378.
  35. Piko L, Matsumoto L. Mitochondrial DNA content affects the fertilizability of human oocytes. (1976) DevBiol 4:1-10.
  36. Fakhrildin M-B M-R, Flayyih NK. A modified culture medium for in vitro sperm activation of oligoasthenozoospermic patients using centrifugation swim-up technique. 2010; 213-220
  37. Fakhrildin M-B, M-R, ALJuaifri AI, Shubber AMH. effect of nitroglycerin on in vitro maturatin of sheep oocytes 2011; 42(6):106-111,
  38. Aljuaifri, A. A. I. effect of nitroglycerin on in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development in sheep. Msc thesis College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.2011
  39. Siekmann B, Westesen K. Preparation and physicochemical characterizationof aqueous dispersions of coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles. Pharmacol Res 1995; 12:201-208.
  40. Miodrag Stojkovic, Kirsten Westesen, ValeriZakhartchenko, et al, Coenzyme Q10 in Submicron-Sized Dispersion Improves Development, Hatching, Cell Proliferation, and Adenosine Triphosphate Content of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos1 biology of reproduction. 1999; 61, 541547
  41. Bavister BD. Culture of preimplantation embryos: facts and artifacts. Hum Reprod Update 1995; 1:91-148.
  42. Watson AJ, Kidder GM, Schultz GA. How to make blastocyst.BiochemCell Biol 1992; 70:849-855.
  43. Mellors A., Tappel A.L.The inhibition ofmitochondrial peroxidation by ubiquinone and ubiquinol. J.Biol. Chem.. vol.1966, 241, pp 4353-4356.