Background: White blood cell are present in most human ejaculates, but leukocytospermia may reflect an underlying pathological condition. This study evaluated the relationship between leukocytospermia and standard semen parameters. Objectives: To investigate the presence of correlation between the leukocytospermia, sperm motility and sperm concentration in infertile Iraqi men. Methods: A total of 154 semen analyses of infertile men were included in this study. All semen analysis were performed within 1 hour, Data were collected for sperm motility type A and B, concentration of both leukocyte and spermatozoa. The mean numbers of motile sperms and the leukocytes were obtained for each specimen. 10 micro liter of seminal fluid were transferred on a slid and covered by a cover slip, then the mean number of motile sperm, leukocyte and concentration were obtained by reading 25 Microscopic fields. Results: The results indicated a significant relationship between the reduction in the number of leukocytes and the increase in the number of motile spermatozoa and sperm concentration r = -0.731 and r = - 0.77 respectively. But the mean number of motile sperms was weakly correlated with the sperm concentration r = 0.58. Conclusion: Both the mean number of motile sperms and sperm concentration were significantly correlated with the increasing number of leukocytes. That refers to improvement in motile sperm and sperm concentration with the reduction of leukocytes.
Human peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 (PGLYRP‐1) protein molecule activation in the semen of infertile patients has been suggested to induce a negative impact on seminal fluid analysis. This study aimed to evaluate Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 for indication of bad seminal fluid analysis parameters. One hundred seventy-six infertile patients were included in this study. Seminal fluid analysis and Endtz test were done; Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in seminal plasma using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay technology PGLYRP‐1 is evident in seminal plasma of infertile men and statistically different according to the type of infertility. The concentration of PGLYRP-1 in the semen is directly proportional to the presence of leukocytes (Endtz test), which is reflected negatively on the quality of the semen. To the best of our knowledge, this study has not been done in Iraq or elsewhere. The presence of PGLYRP-1 protein in the semen may be evidence of leukocytospermia that may be related to bad quality for semen across infertile men with higher sensitivity than the Endtz test.
Background : inflammasome protein govern the inflammatory process. The ele vation of NLRP3 inflammasome might be related to bad seminal fluid analysis results. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate seminal plasma NLRP3 protein and its relation with seminal fluid analysis parameters before and after in vitro sperm activation. Patients and Methods: a total of 50 infertile patients were collected form higher institute of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technique, there se men samples were processed for seminal fluid analysis before and after in vitro sperm activation. NLRP3 inflammasome protein were measured in seminal plas ma. Results: the mean level of NLRP3 protein was 5.12 ng/ml. the higher level of NLRP3 protein (4.5ng/ml) associated with lower sperm concentration, grade A, B, C and higher level of grade D motility. However, 50% of those patients have an improvement in their seminal fluid analysis after in vitro sperm activation. Conclusion: Elevation of NLRP3 protein in seminal plasma may be associated with the increased leukocytospermia, bad sperm quality and unresponsiveness to in vitro sperm activation among infertile male.