Cover
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021)

Published: June 30, 2021

Pages: 41-49

Research Article

Measurement of Seminal plasma peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 (PGLYRP‐1) protein infertile males as a measure of leukocytospermia and bad seminal fluid parameters.

Asawer F. Abdulhussain 1 Haider F. Ghazi Muayad S. Abood
1High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
History
  • Received: January 1, 2021
  • Accepted: May 30, 2021
  • Available Online: June 30, 2021
DOI

https://doi.org/10.28969/IJEIR.v11.i1.r4.21

Abstract

Human peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 (PGLYRP‐1) protein molecule activation in the semen of infertile patients has been suggested to induce a negative impact on seminal fluid analysis. This study aimed to evaluate Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 for indication of bad seminal fluid analysis parameters. One hundred seventy-six infertile patients were included in this study. Seminal fluid analysis and Endtz test were done; Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in seminal plasma using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay technology PGLYRP‐1 is evident in seminal plasma of infertile men and statistically different according to the type of infertility. The concentration of PGLYRP-1 in the semen is directly proportional to the presence of leukocytes (Endtz test), which is reflected negatively on the quality of the semen. To the best of our knowledge, this study has not been done in Iraq or elsewhere. The presence of PGLYRP-1 protein in the semen may be evidence of leukocytospermia that may be related to bad quality for semen across infertile men with higher sensitivity than the Endtz test.

Keywords

References

  1. Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015 Apr.13 (1):1–9. Doi: 10.1186/s12958- 015-0032-1
  2. Jung JH, Kim MH, Kim J, Baik SK, Koh Asawer, et al. http://doi.org/10.28969/IJEIR.v11.i1.r4.21 S-B, Park HJ. Treatment of Leukocytospermia in Male Infertility: A Systematic Review. World J Mens Health. 2016Dec.34 (3):165-172. Doi: 10.5534/wjmh.2016.34.3.165
  3. Brunner RJ, Demeter JH, Sindhwani P. Review of guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of leukocytospermia in male infertility. World J Mens Healh. 2019May.37 (2):128–137. Doi: 10.5534/wjmh.180078
  4. Eldamnhoury EM, Elatrash GA, Rashwan HM, El-Sakka AI. Association between leukocytospermia and semen interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in infertile men. Andrology. 2018 Sep.6 (5):775– 780. Doi: 10.1111/andr.12513
  5. Bhushan S, Schuppe HC, Tchatalbachev S, Fijak M, Weidner W, Chakraborty T, Meinhardt A, Testicular innate immune defense against bacteria. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009 Jul;306 (1–2):37–44.
  6. Guan R, Wang Q, Sundberg EJ, Mariuzza RA. Crystal structure of human peptidoglycan recognition protein S (PGRP-S) at 1.70 Å resolution. J Mol Biol. 2005 Apr;347 (4):683–691. Doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.01.070
  7. Wang M, Liu L-H, Wang S, Li X, Lu X, Gupta D, Dziarski R, Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Require Zinc to Kill Both 48 Gram-positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria and Are Synergistic with Antibacterial Peptides. J Immunol. 2007 Mar;178 (5):3116–25. Doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3116
  8. Yang J. Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in Innate Immunity – A Review. Pak J Zool. 2019;51 (3) 801-1202. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2019. 51. 3.rev1
  9. Dziarski R, Gupta D. Mammalian peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) in innate immunity. Innate Immun. 2010 Jun;16 (3):168–174. Doi: 10.1177/1753425910366059
  10. Edition F. Examination and processing of human semen. Vol. Edition, V, World Health Organization. 2010. 286 p.
  11. Sandoval JS, Raburn D, Muasher S. Leukocytospermia: Overview of diagnosis, implications, and management of a controversial finding. Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2013 Sep;18 (3):129–34. Doi.org/10.1016/j.mefs.2013.02.004
  12. Luo Q, Yao F, Zhang L, Li X, Qing C, Su R, Guo Y, Huang Z, Li J. Elevated expression of Pglyrp1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and PGLYRP-1 in serum from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2019 Apr;12 (4):3398–408. Asawer, et al. http://doi.org/10.28969/IJEIR.v11.i1.r4.21
  13. De Marzi MC, Todone M, Ganem MB, Wang Q, Mariuzza RA, Fernández MM, Malchoidi EL. Peptidoglycan recognition protein-peptidoglycan complexes increase monocyte/macrophage activation and enhance the inflammatory response. Immunology. 2015 Jul;145 (3):429–42.
  14. Alzaidi, Z., Yildiz, Ş.M., Saatçi, Ç. et al. The effect of cytokine leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-11 (IL-11) gene expression on the primary infertility related to polycystic ovary syndrome, Tubal factor, and Unexplained infertility in Turkish women. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 22, 85 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43042-021-00201-9