Preeclampsia-eclampsia still continues to be one of the major causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Recent evidence suggests that there may be several underlying causes or predispositions leading to develop this syndrome, which not only affects the mother but significantly affects the fetal growth and development.The objective of the study was to assess the difference in birth weight in pregnancy with and without preeclampsia . A case – control study at Al-kadhmya teaching hospital The study included 200 pregnant women with singleton viable gestation presented in labor who were admitted to hospital.A comparison of 100 women in the preeclamptic group and 100 women in the non-preeclamptic group in terms of maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery, placental weight, and fetal birth weight and sex. Detailed obstetric and general medical history was taken and general and obstetric examination performed. The newborn infants were carefully examined and weighed, and the APGAR score was assessed after delivery. The fresh placenta was examined and then weighed with the membranes and cord attached.At low placental weight, preeclampsia had significant association with low birth weight (35%). However, at high placental weight, preeclampsia had non-significant association with high birth weight (4%). Birth weight of neonatal case group was close to birth weight of control group especially at late onset of preeclampsia but this was not significant statistically .Preeclampsia is multisystemic disorder and it is (the disease of theories) these result suggest that preeclampsia may represent different entities with different degree of placental involvement and different degree of fetal growth and development.
Recurrent miscarriage can be defined as two or more consequence unsuccessful clinical pregnancies and confirmed by ultrasonography or histopathological examination and consider the most common clinical complications reproduction, and it affects (2%–5%) of reproduction couple. The present study included 140 women who were already diagnosed with recurrent miscarriage. Following complete clinical workup, including history, examination and investigations, enrolled women were classified into two main subgroups, explained group ( n = 85) and unexplained group ( n = 55). In this study, the result showed no significant difference found between the two subgroups explained and unexplained regarding age and the body mass index. In the obstetric history characteristics of women enrolled in the current study, there is no significant difference between the explained and unexplained group according to gravity, parity, and the number of abortions. Additionally, no significant difference according to gestational age and types of abortion but found significant in the type of complete abortion between the explained and unexplained group. Results showed that recurrent miscarriage rates increased in women with positive anti-phospholipids, in addition, a significant difference in the type of complete abortion between the explained and unexplained group of recurrent miscarriage women.
Background: In vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an important alternative for infertile couples, there is an increase in the number of children conceived by IVF worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of birth defects and adverse outcome among infants and children conceived by in vitro fertilization in Sulaimani-Iraq. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 160 children, 75 were product of IVF(using ICSI) and 85 were product of natural conception. Data collected regarding mother age, father age, duration of infertility before pregnancy with the index child, any complication during pregnancy, age of the child, gender, mode of delivery, gestational age, weight at delivery, history of neonatal admission and it’s cause, admission to hospital after neonatal period, and history of surgical operation. All children were examined for any gross anomaly, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skeletal, urological and neurologic abnormality. Results: IVF was a risk factor for prematurity (OR, 7.844 95% CI 3.025 - 20.339) , LBW (OR, 4.645 95% CI 2.038 -10.587), Congenital anomaly (OR, 1.362 95% CI 0.720 - 2.576), predominance of male gender (OR, 1.340 95% CI 0.719-2.498), neuro-developmental delay(OR,1.333 95% CI 0.672-2.646), admission to NICU (OR,1.703 95% CI 1.052-2.758 ), C/S delivery (OR, 1.972 95% CI 1.507-2.581), and childhood hospitalization (OR, 1.193 95% CI 0.838-1.696), also there was statistically significant association with multiple pregnancy. Conclusions: IVF carries increased risk of LBW, prematurity, congenital anomaly, neuro-developmental delay, admission to NICU, childhood hospitalization, C/S as a mode of delivery and predominance of male gender.