The crosstalk between a receptive endometrium and a functional blastocyst during human embryo implantation is crucial for conception. Because platelets rich plasma (PRP) with concentrated platelets 4-5 times higher than normal, when release of granules containing growth factors including VEGF, TGF, PDGF, IGF, and EGF, these factors involved for sub endometrial angiogenesis and endometrial receptivity. 44 women under the age of 40 were given antagonist ovarian stimulation treatments, the oocytes were harvested utilizing 2-D power doppler ultrasound guidance, then ICSI done for them. On the hCG day all had an intrauterine autologous PRP infusion. Power Doppler is utilized to measure endometrial thickness (EnT), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of sub endometrial arteries, as well as serum levels of VEGF and EGF were measured on the hCG day and ovum pickup (OPU). The ultrasound findings, on the hCG day compared to those of OPU in all women with intrauterine infused autologous PRP were highly significant (HS). The mean EnT, RI, PI, VEGF and EGF at OPU day was lower than that on hCG day in a HS manner, with (p < 0.001), (p < 0.001), (p=0.047), (p < 0.001), and (p<0.001) respectively. These characteristics were shown to be significantly and independently associated to intrauterine PRP infusion. After PRP injection, both growth factors serum levels (VEGF and EGF) increased, and ultrasonography sub-endometrial metrics such as EnT, RI, and PI changed as the thickness grew while vascular resistance decreased, and all considered as predictors of endometrial receptivity.
Background : progesterone used as a therapeutic agent in human pregnancy. The sufficient evidence to hypothesize that progesterone may have teratogeniceffect on the reproductive system of female offspring. Objectives: This study was established to explore the individual impact of differ ent doses of progesterone during intrauterine period on reproductive system of female mouse, and on some reproductive parameters. Materials and Methods: ninety adult female mice (8-10 weeks) and weight (25-28) gm divided into three groups. Control group (G1) was treated daily (IM) injection with sesame seed oilfrom 1-14 day of pregnancy, and other two groups that treated with different doses of progesterone G2 (0.4mg/kg. B.wt/day), G3 (0.8mg/kg. B.wt/day), daily (IM) injection of progesterone from 1-14 day of pregnancy then selecting of Female offspring and sacrificed at age zero day, one month, two month. Parameter analysis involvedanogenital distance , body and ovary weights, , length of epithelial cells, number and diameter of follicles (Primordial , Primary , Secondary and Mature antral) , corpus luteum and using histological section by (motic image plus) and hormonal assay including proges terone and Estrogen. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that at one month, two months after birth, there was a highly significant increase P< 0.01 in theanogenital dis tance . The statistical analysisshowed no statistical significant difference in the body and ovary weights , at one month after birth, The statistical analysisshowed highly statistically significant decreased(P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in the number of follicles . At one,two months after birth, there was a highly significant decreased (P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in the number ofcorpora lutea. At age two month, there was a highly significant decreased (P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in the height of epithelial cell layer.There was a highly significant decreased (P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in the diameter of follicles (Primordial , Primary , Secondary and Mature antral) follicles . There was a highly significant decreased (P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in Estrogen and Progesterone levelof female off spring when compared with the control group G1. Conclusion: The results showed higher doses of progesterone for long period in pregnancy can impact some reproductive parameters of female offspring mice. Keywords : Progesterone, corpora lutea, Estrogen,anogenital distance