Background: Tannery work share exposure to solvents and chemicals , which has been linked with inverse pregnancy and fertility outcomes in human being as reported in some studies . Objective: The current study aimed to through some light on the harmful pollutant chemicals effect on tannery workers reproductive health. Literature in this portion are rare in Iraq, so it had been tested the hypotheses that leather workers suffered from male infertility parameters due to the continuous exposure to chemicals that used in this industry. Subjects, Materials and Methods: This study included 60 subjects can divided into 2 groups: 30 males as study group and 30 males as control group, the period of study was between October 2014 to April 2016, the samples were taken from tanneries workers from various governorates of Iraq. Results: The data clearly showed a significant infertility parameters among these workers represented by low total sperm number, low sperm activity the significance levels were within the value of P ≤0.05 accompanied with a significant high seminal fructose. Conclusion: The main conclusion was that chronic exposure to these chemicals in tannery workers especially Cr VI and N,N-dimethyle form amide may cause male infertility parameters.
Infertile couples undergoing Assisted Reproductive techniques are really receptive to any intervention intended to enhancement their fertility. Successful implantation of an embryo requires a receptive endometrium, a good quality embryo, and embryo endometrial synchronization in all species. Pharmacological agents such as aspirin and sildenafil have been included in previous clinical trials to improve endometrial vascularity and perifollicular blood flow but the results were inconsistent. To evaluate the effect of oral low dose aspirin or vaginal sildenafil citrate on endometrial thickness, retrieved oocyte, degree of maturation, embryo quality and pregnancy test. This comparative prospective study was conducted on the 60 infertile women who participated in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles at the infertility clinic associated with the "High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al-Nahrain University / Baghdad/ Iraq." December 2020 to June 2022. In the present study the count of total oocytes retrieved was significantly higher in aspirin treated group in comparison to sildenafil treated group 12.5 ±5.3 versus 9.37 ±5.5 respectively. No significant variation in mean endometrial thickness among study groups. Regarding biochemical pregnancy test, positive results were obtained in 12 (40.0 %), 10 (33.3 %) in aspirin treated group, sildenafil treated group respectively and the difference was not significant. Aspirin treatment resulted in higher number of total retrieved oocytes, aspirin and sildenafil did not improve endometrial thickness, but they resulted in improvement of sub endometrial vascularity; however, biochemical pregnancy test was not affected by either pharmacological agent.
Background: An ectopic pregnancy, or eccyesis, is a complication of pregnancy in which the pregnancy implants outside the uterine cavity. Theoretically, differences between conception via ART and natural conception may affect the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Data on the risk factors for developing ectopic pregnancy after IVF are still inconsistent. There is controversy whether ART increase or decrease the ectopic pregnancy. Objectives: To describe the occurrence or risk factors of ectopic pregnancy following IUI, IVF and spontaneous pregnancy. Patients and Methods: The recorded cases of ectopic pregnancy in the period between January 2010 to January 2011 in four teaching hospitals and two private hospitals were surveyed. New cases in the period between July 2011 to July 2012 in two teaching hospitals were also included in this study. The data was collected from medical records and interview. Results: A total of 86676 pregnancies were recorded during the period of the study with, the number of ectopic pregnancy out of total pregnancies in Baghdad was 408 during the period of this study. It was found that the type of conception was significantly associated with infertility (P < 0.001), ovulation induction (P<0.001), dilatation and curettage (P = 0.016), and history of contraception (P =0.002). Conclusion: Although several risk factors for ectopic pregnancy are known, the causes of increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy remain unknown. The risk factors of ectopic pregnancy following IUI, IVF and spontaneous pregnancy included history of infertility, medication used for ovulation induction, history of contraception, and dilatation curettage as these factors are tightly linked with the types of conception. Increasing knowledge of risk factors for ectopic pregnancy may improve understanding of the causes of infertility.