Cover
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)

Published: June 30, 2016

Pages: 72-86

Research Article

Effect of Tannery Work Exposure on Seminal Fluid Parameters in Iraqi Men

Alaa N. Mohammed Ali 1 Samal H. Kareem Noor AL-Huda A. Abdul Hussein Ali I. Mohammed
1Department of Biology-College of Science-Al-Mustatansiriyah University - Baghdad, IRAQ
History
  • Received: March 1, 2016
  • Available Online: June 1, 2016

Abstract

Background: Tannery work share exposure to solvents and chemicals , which has been linked with inverse pregnancy and fertility outcomes in human being as reported in some studies . Objective: The current study aimed to through some light on the harmful pollutant chemicals effect on tannery workers reproductive health. Literature in this portion are rare in Iraq, so it had been tested the hypotheses that leather workers suffered from male infertility parameters due to the continuous exposure to chemicals that used in this industry. Subjects, Materials and Methods: This study included 60 subjects can divided into 2 groups: 30 males as study group and 30 males as control group, the period of study was between October 2014 to April 2016, the samples were taken from tanneries workers from various governorates of Iraq. Results: The data clearly showed a significant infertility parameters among these workers represented by low total sperm number, low sperm activity the significance levels were within the value of P ≤0.05 accompanied with a significant high seminal fructose. Conclusion: The main conclusion was that chronic exposure to these chemicals in tannery workers especially Cr VI and N,N-dimethyle form amide may cause male infertility parameters.

Keywords

References

  1. Rivela,B.;Moreira,M.T.;Bornha rdt,C.;Mendez,R. and Feijoo,G. Life cycle assessment as atool for the environmental improvement of the tannery industry countries.Environ Sci Technol.2004;38(6):1901-9.
  2. Battista,G.;Cmba,P. and Orsi,D. Nasal cancer in leather workers : an occupational disease {ediorial}.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol .1995;121:1-6.
  3. Marshall,E.G.;Melius ,J.M. and London,M.A. Investigation of a testicular cancer cluster using a case-control approach.Int J epidermal .1990;19:269-73.
  4. Walrath,J.;Decoufle,P. and Thomas ,T.L. Mortality among workers in a shoe manufacturing company.Am J Ind Med .1987;12:615-23.
  5. Fu.H.;Demere,P.A. and Costantini ,A.S. Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers.1996;53:394-8.
  6. Iaia,T.E. ;Bartoli,D. and Calzoni,P.A cohort mortality study of leather tannerys in Tuscany,Italy.Am J Ind Med.2006;49(6):452-9.
  7. Ory,F.G.;Rahman,F.U.;Katagad e,V.;Shukla.A and Burdorf. A Respiratory disorders,skin comlainta, and low-back trouble among workers in Kanpur,India.Am Ind Hyg Assoc J.1997;58(10):740-6.
  8. Calvert,G.M.;Fajen.J.M.;Hills, B.W. and Halperin,W.E. Testicular canser ,dimethylformamide and leather tanneries . Lancet.1990;336:1253-4.
  9. International agency for Research on cancer (IARC). Nickel, chromium ,and welding.In; IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.Lyon,France:IARC Scientific Publictions.1990.
  10. Sugiyama,M. Role of physiological antoxidant in CrVI induced cellular injury.Free Rad.Bio.Med.1992;12,397- 407.
  11. Kumar,S.;Sathwara,N.G.;Gauta m,A.K.;Agarwal,K.;Shah,B.;K ulkarni,P.K.;Patel,K.;Patel,A.; Dave,L.M.;Parikh,D.J. and Saiyed, H.N.Semen quality of industrial workers occupationally exposed to chromium.J 82 Occup.Health.2005;47:424- 430.
  12. Bonde,J.P.The risk of male sub fecundity attributable to welding of letals:study of semen quality,infertility,adverse pregnancy outcome and childhood malignancy. Int.J. Androl.1993; 16(auppl. 1),1- 29.
  13. Li,H.;Chen,Q. and Li,S.Effect of CrVI exposure on sperm quality :human and animal study.Ann.Occup.Hyg.2001a;4 5,505-511.
  14. Marouani,N.;Tebourbi,O.;Hall egue,D.;Monki,M.;Yacoubi,M. T.;Sakly.M. ;Benkhalifa,m and Rhouma,K.B. Mechanisms of chromium hexavalent-induced apoptosis in testes tats. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health.2015;Vol 7 : 189-195.
  15. Greene,L.E.;Rieder,A.M.;Marc ous,M. and Lkhasuren, O. Association of Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes with Leather Work in mongolia A Pilot Study.INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH.2010;
  16. 60-68. 16. Zhen,L.;Wang,L.;Fu,J.;Li,Y.;Z hao.N. and Li,X. Hexavalent Iraqi Journal of Embryo and Infertility Researches Vol.(6) Special Issue 83 chromium affects sperm mortality by influencing protein tyrosine phosphorylation in midpiece of boar spermatozoa. Reproductive Toxicology.2016;V 59:66-79.
  17. Des,J.;Kang,M.H.;Kim,E.;Kwo n,D.N.;Choi,Y.J. and Kim, J. H.Hexavalent chromium induces apoptosis in male somatic and spermatogonial stem cells via redox imbalance.Scientific reports.2015;5:13921.(abstract) .
  18. Heinder,.J.J.;Geoge,J.D.;Fail,P. A.Grizzle,T.B. and Feldman. D.Reproductive toxicology. N,N-dimethylformamide : Environ Health Perspect.1997;105:303-7
  19. Fail,P.A.;George,J.D.;Grizzle, T.B. and heindel,J.J. Formamide and dimethylformamide:reproducti on assessment by continuous breeding in mice.Report Toxicol .1998;12:317-32.
  20. Chang ,H-Y,;Shih,T-S.;Guo,Y- S.;Guo,Y-L.;Tsai,C-Ti. And Hsu,P-CH.Sperm function in workers exposed to N,N- dimethylformamide in the synthetic leather industry.FERTILITY AND STERILITY .2004;Vol 81:No 6.
  21. Burkman,L. Discrimination between nonhyperactivity and classical hyperactivity motility patterns in human spermatozoa using computerized analysis .Fertil Steril.1991;55:363-71.
  22. WHO.(1999) World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm – cervical mucus interaction.Cambridge University Press ,Cambridge,UK.
  23. Chandra,A.K.;Chatterjee,A,;Gh osh,R. and Sarker,M.Effect of crurcmin on chromium- induced oxidative damage in male reproductive system .Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.2007;24:160- 166.
  24. Saxena,D.K.;Murthy,R.C.;Lal, B.;Srivastava,R.S. and Chandra, S.V.Effect of hexavalent chromium on testicular in the rate .Reprod. toxical.1990;4:223-228.
  25. Aruldar,M.M.;Subrammania,S. ;Sekar,P. ; Vengatesh,G. ; Chandrahasen,G.;Govinderaraj ula,P. and Akbarshe,M.A. Chronic chromium exposure- induced change in testicular histoarchitecture are associated with oxidative stree:study in non-human primat(Macaca Radiate Geoffroy) .Human reproduction.2005; Vol 20:No 10: 2801-2813.
  26. Ernst,E. and Bonde,J.P .Sex hormones and epididymal sperm parameters in rats following subchronic treatment with hexavalent chromium.Hum.Exp.Toxicol.1 992;11:255-258.
  27. Aruldhas,M.M.;Subramanian,S .;sekar,P.;Chandrahasan,P. and Akbarshe,M.A.Microcanalizati on in the epididymis to overcomeductal obstruction caused by exposure to chromium-a study in the mature bonnet monkey(Macaca Radiata Geoffroy).Reproduction.2004; 128:127-137.
  28. Mcleod,J. and gold,R.Z.The male factor in fertility and infertility-III .An analysis of motile activity in the spermatozoa of 1000 fertile men and 1000 infertile marriages . Fertil Steril.1991;2:187-202. 84
  29. Shieh,D.B.;Chen,C.C;Shih,T- S.;Tai,H-Mu,;Wei,Y-H. and Chang , H-Y.Mictochondrial DNAalterations in blood of the humans exposed to N,N- dimethlyformamide.Chemico- Biological Interactions. 2007;165:211-219.
  30. Sudamani,S. ; Malini,T, and Balasubramanian ,K .Effects of streptozotocin-diabetes and insulin replacement on the epididymis of prepubertal rats:histological and histomorphometric studies.Endocr Res.2005;
  31. 81-98. 31. Gura,S.;Chakraborty,B. and Banerjee,M.Chromium VI induced histoiligical Changes of Pancreatic Islets and Liver:A Preliminary Study of Metal Induced Diabetes Mellitus.The Experiment.2016;Vol 35(2):2171-2181.
  32. Marouani,N.;Tebourbi,O.;Mahj oub,S.;Yacoubi,M.;Sakly,M.;B enkhalifa,M.;Rhouma,K.B.;Jar zouna,B. and Hached,F. Effects of hexavalent chromium on reproductive functions of male adult rats.Reproductive biology.2011;Vol 12:No.2. Iraqi Journal of Embryo and Infertility Researches Vol.(6) Special Issue 85
  33. Fleet,J.C.;Golemboski,K.A.:kie tert,R.R.;Andrews,g.K. and McCormick,C.C.Induction of hepatic metallothionein by intraperitoneal metal injection:an association intrammatory respond . American Journal of physiology.1990;258:926-933.
  34. Amidu,N.;Owridu,W.K.B.A.;B ekoe,M.A.T. and Qyaye,L. Zinc and Fructose concentration on human sperm characterstic.Journal of Medical and Biomedical sciences.2012;1(1):14-20.
  35. Manivannan,B.;Bhande,S.S.;Pa nneerdoss,S,Sriram,S, and lohiya,N.K.Safety Evaluation of long-Term Vas Occlusion With Styrene Maleic anhydride and its Non-Invasive reveral on accessory reproductive organs in Langurs.Asian J Androl. 2005;7(2): 195-204.
  36. Hussain,N.K.;Rzoqi,S.S.;Numa n,A. and Ali,D.T. A Comparative Study of Fructose,Zinc and Copper Levels in Seminal Plasma in Fertile and Infertile Men.IRAQI J MED SCI.2011;Vol (9) :1.
  37. Mann,T. and lutwak,-Mann,C. Male reproductive function and semen:Themes and Trensa in Physiology, Biochemistry and Investigate Andrology.New Yory, Springer- Verlag,1981;269-326. I i J l f E b d I f ili R h V l (6) S i l I 86