Female infertility is caused by ovulation issues, tubal disorders, uterine abnormalities, endometriosis, and peritoneal factors. For years, intrauterine insemination has been used to treat infertility alone or with ovarian stimulation. Obtaining adhesion ligands and losing inhibitory components are necessary for pregnancy. LIF promotes and differentiates proliferation and differentiation in embryonic, hematopoietic, and endothelial cells. LIF also controls prostaglandins (PGs), which mediate implantation and decidualization. The measuring hormone profile on cycle day 2 before control ovarian stimulation including FSH, LH, E2, Prolactin, TSH, and AMH. Serum LH, E2. The progesterone level was estimated on the day of triggering. The effect of LIF gene genotypes on hormone level. The hormone levels of 100 intrauterine inseminated women were measured on the second day of the cycle and the day of ovulation. DNA extraction for LIF gene variation detection utilizing sequencing and HRM. The current study found no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant groups for hormone levels, genotype, and genetic effect on female hormone levels with (P ≥0.05). The LIF gene did not affect hormone levels in infertile females may be due to the tiny samples or the complex signaling chain that happens during implantation.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. The study included 40 infertile females. A full history taking, complete general examination, complete gynecological examination, and infertility workup including basal hormonal analysis, and uterine cavity assessment by ultrasound and tubal patency evaluation by hysterosalpingogram was done in addition to husband’s seminal fluid analysis. The control group did not receive any ovarian stimulation drugs, while the 2 nd group was treated with letrozole + gonadotropin. The ovarian stimulation protocol was chosen for each patient according to her age, history, and hormonal assay. Evaluation of thickness and pattern of the endometrium, size, and the number of mature follicles was performed by transvaginal ultrasonography on the 2 nd day of the menstrual cycle and cycle day 11-14 before hCG injection. The study showed no correlation between HA and LH at triggering day in women who received letrozole plus Gonadotropin but a positive correlation was documented between HA concentration and E 2 in addition to a positive correlation with progesterone, the number of follicles, and endometrial thickness at the day of triggering of ovulation. The study revealed that mean hyaluronic acid concentration was elevated significantly (P<0.05) in pregnant women after stimulation protocol compared with nonpregnant (164.2 vs. 152.1 pg/ml). HA was significantly higher in women who undergo ovarian stimulation with letrozole which was a good protocol in the treatment of women with ovulatory problems.
Prelabour rupture of membrane (PROM) is a cause for 85% of the neonatal period morbidities and fatalities. PROM is the main cause of preterm deliveries and accounts for 30-40% of these cases, indeed it complicates three percent of all pregnancies. The fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity risks of PROM, increases when the rupture occurs early in the course of pregnancy. In this study we sought to compare the detection efficiency of the standard diagnostic test of PROM with other new methods such as urea and Creatinine of vaginal fluid and Amnisure tests. The study sample is composed of 90 women divided into three groups; each woman had informed consent, questionnaire with full history, clinical examination (general and abdominal and sterile speculum examination to detect cervical dilatation, amniotic fluid leakage for sample collection to do Fern, Amnisure, Creatinine and urea tests. General investigations and ultrasound were done for each patient. Mean vaginal fluid Creatinine level among the group (1) were 0.44±0.14, versus 0.38±0.12, and 0.24±0.08 among group (2) and (3) respectively. When the results of the tests compared with the standard method of diagnosis, the specificity was 100% for Amnisure, vaginal fluid Creatinine and urea, while it was 80% for fern test. The sensitivity was 97% for Amnisure, 95% for vaginal fluid urea, 91% for vaginal fluid Creatinine and 60% for fern test. Amnisure is superior for other tests followed by vaginal fluid urea level, Creatinine and lastly Fern test.