Cover
Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025)

Published: December 31, 2025

Pages: 53-68

Articles

Improvement of pregnancy outcome in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) following Hysterosalpingo-Foam Sonography (HyFoSy) when compared to Hysterosalpingo-contrast Sonography (HyCoSy)

Saba Sabeeh Hussein 1 Huda Ali Hussaini 2 Lubna Amer Al-Anbari 3
1Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
2College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Department of Radiology, Baghdad, Iraq.
3High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
History
  • Received: August 7, 2025
  • Accepted: November 30, 2025
  • Available Online: December 8, 2025
DOI

https://doi.org/10.28969/IJEIR.v15.i2.r5.25

Abstract

Infertility is prevalent among couples in our community, and a considerable number of cases of infertility are caused by tubal factors. The hysterosalpingography (HSG) technique is one of the most important tools for determining the patency status of the tubes. Nevertheless, this method has certain drawbacks that can be addressed with a less invasive alternative, such as hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) and hysterosalpingo- foam sonography (HyFoSy) .By enrolling subfertile patients undergoing hysterosalpingo- foam sonography (HyFoSy) or hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) procedures and subsequently undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI), this study sought to evaluate the pregnancy rate in a large single center prospectively . Between January 2024 and January 2025, 100 women who underwent IUI as a therapy modality for infertility at the High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Kadhimiya city, Baghdad, were involved in this randomized controlled research. Those who underwent hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography with foam (HyFoSy) or HSG evaluation of the fallopian tube were included. The main results were a biochemical pregnancy test (blood test) and clinical pregnancy verified by ultrasonography at 6–8 weeks gestation . When comparing the HyFoSy and HyCoSy groups, the mean serum levels of estradiol, FSH, LH, prolactin, TSH, and testosterone did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Differences in the mean length of infertility, the mean ova size, the mean ova count, the average endometrial width (ET), the average number of antral follicles (AFC), and the forms of infertility (p > 0.05). Sixty-eight percent of the HyFoSy group and forty percent of the HyCoSy group experienced successful pregnancies, with a significant difference (p = 0.005) . These results imply that HyFoSy might be better than HyCoSy when tubal evaluation is required before IUI, assuming they are validated in bigger multi-center trials. Future studies should investigate long-term results, such as live birth rates, and include a control group (IUI without prior tubal evaluation).

Keywords

References

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